BazEkon - The Main Library of the Cracow University of Economics

BazEkon home page

Main menu

Author
Pini Marco (Unioncamere-Si.Camera, Italy)
Title
Family Management and Industry 4.0: Different Effects in Different Geographical Areas? An Analysis of the Less Developed Regions in Italy
Source
Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 2019, vol. 15, nr 3, s. 73-102, tab., bibliogr. s. 89-101
Issue title
Entrepreneurship, Technological Upgrading and Innovation Policy in Less Developed and Peripheral Regions
Keyword
Przedsiębiorstwo rodzinne, Region, Przemysł 4.0, Produkcja
Family-owned business, Region, Industry 4.0, Production
Note
JEL Classification: D22, L6, L52, 032
streszcz., summ.
Country
Włochy
Italy
Abstract
W niniejszym artykule zbadano wpływ różnych rodzajów zarządzania w firmach rodzinnych na innowacje cyfrowe związane z inwestycjami w Przemysł 4.0 z perspektywy geograficznej. Zestaw danych obejmuje 3000 włoskich małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych. Wykorzystując modele probitowe, wyniki pokazują, że podczas gdy w bardziej zaawansowanym obszarze (centrum-północ) zarządzanie zewnętrzne wpływa znacząco na skłonność do innowacji, w mniej rozwiniętym obszarze (południowe Włochy), zarządzanie zewnętrzne wymaga dodatkowych inwestycji w badania i rozwój w celu wprowadzenia innowacji. Sugeruje to, że polityka innowacyjna powinna określać zachęty, które również pomagają ulepszać nowe modele biznesowe zarządzania i uwzględniać cechy behawioralne różnych firm w odniesieniu do poziomu rozwoju obszarów geograficznych, w których działają. (abstrakt oryginalny)

This paper tests the impact of different types of management within family businesses on digital innovation related to Industry 4.0 investments, from a geographical perspective. The data set consists of 3,000 Italian manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises. Using probit models, the results show that while in the more advanced area (center-north) external management affects the propensity for innovation significantly, in the less developed area (Southern Italy) external management requires an additional and simultaneous investment in R&D to drive a firm's innovation. This suggests that innovation policy should define incentives that also help enhance new management business models and take into account behavioral features of different firms in relation to the level of the development of the geographical areas in which they operate. (original abstract)
Full text
Show
Bibliography
Show
  1. Aas, T. H., & Breunig, K. J. (2017). Conceptualizing innovation capabilities: A contingency perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 13(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.7341/20171311
  2. Acs, Z. (Ed.). (2000). Regional Innovation, Knowledge and Global Change. London, United Kingdom: Pinter.
  3. Adams, R., Bessant, J., & Phelps, R. (2006). Innovation management measurement: A review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 8(1), 21-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2006.00119.x
  4. Almada-Lobo, F. (2016). The Industry 4.0 revolution and the future of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES). Journal of Innovation Management, 3(4), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_003.004_0003
  5. Amore, M. D., Minichilli, A., & Corbetta, G. (2011). How do managerial successions shape corporate financial policies in family firms?. Journal of Corporate Finance, 17(4), 1016-1027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2011.05.002
  6. Anderson, R. C., & Reeb, D. M. (2004). Board composition: Balancing family influence in S&P 500 firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49(2), 209-237. https://doi.org/10.2307/4131472
  7. Ang, J. S., Cole, R. A., & Lin, J. W. (2000). Agency costs and ownership structure. The Journal of Finance, 55(1), 81-106. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00201
  8. Aronoff, C. E., & Ward, J. L. (1995). Family-owned businesses: A thing of the past or a model for the future?. Family Business Review, 8(2), 121-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1995.00121.x
  9. Asheim, B. T., Isaksen, A., Nauwelaers, C., & Tödtling, F. (Eds.). (2003). Regional Innovation Policy for Small-Medium Enterprises. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.
  10. Astrachan, J. H., & Shanker, M. C. (2003). Family businesses' contribution to the US economy: A closer look. Family Business Review, 16(3), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865030160030601
  11. Audretsch, D. B., & Feldman, M. P. (1996). Innovative clusters and the industry life cycle. Review of Industrial Organization, 11(2), 253-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00157670
  12. Autio, E. (1998). Evaluation of RTD in regional systems of innovation. European Planning Studies, 6(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654319808720451
  13. Bandiera, O., Guiso, L., Prat, A., & Sadun, R. (2008). Italian managers: Fidelity or performance. London, UK: mimeo, London School of Economics.
  14. Bank of Italy (2009). Rapporto sulle tendenze nel sistema produttivo italiano (Questioni di Economia e Finanza No. 45). Retrieved from https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/qef/2009-0045/QEF_45.pdf
  15. Barker III, V. L., & Mueller, G. C. (2002). CEO characteristics and firm R&D spending. Management Science, 48(6), 782-801. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.48.6.782.187
  16. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  17. Barney, J. B., & Hansen, M. H. (1994). Trustworthiness as a source of competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 15(S1), 175-190. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250150912
  18. Bathelt, H., & Depner, H. (2003). Innovation, Institution und Region: Zur Diskussion über nationale und regionale Innovationssysteme (Innovation, institution and region: a commentary on the discussion of national and regional innovation systems). Erdkunde, 57(2), 126-143.
  19. Becheikh, N., Landry, R., & Amara, N. (2006). Lessons from innovation empirical studies in the manufacturing sector: A systematic review of the literature from 1993-2003. Technovation, 26(5-6), 644-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2005.06.016
  20. Bianchi, M., Bianco, M., Giacomelli, S., Pacces, A. M., & Trento, S. (2005). Proprietà e controllo delle imprese in Italia. Bologna: Il Mulino.
  21. Bianco, M., Bontempi, M. E., Golinelli, R., & Parigi, G. (2013). Family firms' investments, uncertainty and opacity. Small Business Economics, 40(4), 1035-1058. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-012-9414-3
  22. Block, J. (2009). Long-term Orientation of Family Firms: An Investigation of R&D Investments, Downsizing Practices, and Executive Pay. Wiesbaden, Germany: Gabler Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-8412-8
  23. Bloom, N., Sadun, R., & Van Reenen, J. (2008). Measuring and explaining management practices in Italy. Rivista di Politica Economica, 98(2), 15-56.
  24. Bogliacino, F., & Pianta, M. (2016). The Pavitt Taxonomy, revisited: Patterns of innovation in manufacturing and services. Economia Politica, 33(2), 153-180. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40888-016-0035-1
  25. Boschma, R., & Frenken, K. (2009). Some notes on institutions in evolutionary economic geography. Economic Geography, 85(2), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2009.01018.x
  26. Braczyk, H. J., Cooke, P. N., & Heidenreich, M. (Eds.). (1998). Regional innovation systems: the role of governances in a globalized world. London, UK: UCL Press.
  27. Bratnicka-Myśliwiec, K., Wronka-Pośpiech, M., & Ingram, T. (2019). Does socioemotional wealth matter for competitive advantage? A case of Polish family businesses. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 15(1), 123-146. https://doi.org/10.7341/20191515
  28. Cabrera-Suárez, K., De Saá-Pérez, P., & García-Almeida, D. (2001). The succession process from a resource-and knowledge-based view of the family firm. Family Business Review, 14(1), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00037.x
  29. Camagni, R., & Capello, R. (2013). Regional innovation patterns and the EU regional policy reform: Toward smart innovation policies. Growth and Change, 44(2), 355-389. https://doi.org/10.1111/grow.12012
  30. Cameron, A. C., & Trivedi, P. K. (2010). Microeconometrics Using Stata. College Station, TX: Stata Press.
  31. Capello, R. (2017). Toward a New Conceptualization of Innovation in Space: Territorial Patterns of Innovation. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 41(6), 976-999. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12556
  32. Carney, M. (2005). Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(3), 249-265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00081.x
  33. Caselli, S., & Di Giuli, A. (2010). Does the CFO matter in family firms? Evidence from Italy. The European Journal of Finance, 16(5), 381-411. https://doi.org/10.1080/13518470903211657
  34. Cassetta, E. & Pini, M. (2018). Impresa 4.0 e competitività delle medie imprese manifatturiere: Una prima analisi firm-level. Economia Marche-Journal of Applied Economics, 37(1), 35-63.
  35. Chen, H. L., & Hsu, W. T. (2009). Family ownership, board independence, and R&D investment. Family Business Review, 22(4), 347-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486509341062
  36. Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., & Wright, M. (2015). The ability and willingness paradox in family firm innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 310-318. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12207
  37. Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., Pearson, A. W., & Barnett, T. (2012). Family involvement, family influence, and family-centered non-economic goals in small firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 267-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00407.x
  38. Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Litz, R. A. (2004). Comparing the agency costs of family and non-family firms: Conceptual issues and exploratory evidence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 335-354. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00049.x
  39. Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879902300402
  40. Ciffolilli, A., & Muscio, A. (2018). Industry 4.0: National and regional comparative advantages in key enabling technologies. European Planning Studies, 26(12), 2323-2343. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1529145
  41. Cobbenhagen, J. (1999). Managing innovation at the company level: A study on non-sector-specific success factors. Maastricht, Netherlands: Maastricht University. Retrieved from https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/portal/files/1580911/guid-c9c6cdfc-a848-461a-94a8-d579ebceb038-ASSET2.0
  42. Cooke, P. (2007). Social capital, embeddedness, and market interactions: An analysis of firm performance in UK regions. Review of Social Economy, 65(1), 79-106. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346760601132170
  43. Cook, P., & Clifton, N. (2004). Spatial variation in social capital among UK small and medium sized enterprises. Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Development: A Spatial Perspective. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.,.
  44. Cooke, P., Clifton, N., & Oleaga, M. (2005). Social capital, firm embeddedness and regional development. Regional Studies, 39(8), 1065-1077. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400500328065
  45. Cooke, P. (2001). Regional innovation systems, clusters, and the knowledge economy. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 945-974. https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/10.4.945
  46. Cooke, P. N., Boekholt, P., & Tödtling, F. (2000). The governance of innovation in Europe: regional perspectives on global competitiveness. London, UK: Pinter.
  47. Craig, J., & Dibrell, C. (2006). The natural environment, innovation, and firm performance: A comparative study. Family Business Review, 19(4), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00075.x
  48. Craig, J. B., & Moores, K. (2006). A 10-year longitudinal investigation of strategy, systems, and environment on innovation in family firms. Family Business Review, 19(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00056.x
  49. Crnjac, M., Veža, I., & Banduka, N. (2017). From concept to the introduction of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(1), 21-30.
  50. Cucculelli, M., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2016). Product innovation, firm renewal and family governance. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(2), 90-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2016.02.001
  51. Cucculelli, M., Mannarino, L., Pupo, V., & Ricotta, F. (2014). Owner-management, firm age, and productivity in Italian family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(2), 325-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12103
  52. Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Ellstrand, A. E., & Johnson, J. L. (1998). Meta-analytic reviews of board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<269::AID-SMJ950>3.0.CO;2-K
  53. Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., Mayer, R. C., & Tan, H. H. (2000). The trusted general manager and business unit performance: Empirical evidence of a competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 21(5), 563-576. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(200005)21:5<563::AID-SMJ99>3.0.CO;2-0
  54. Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258
  55. De la Mothe, J., & Paquet, G. (1998). Local and regional systems of innovation as learning socio-economies. In Local and Regional Systems of Innovation (pp. 1-16). Boston, MA: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5551-3_1
  56. De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Pizzurno, E., & Cassia, L. (2015). Product innovation in family versus nonfamily firms: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12068
  57. Demsetz, H. (1988). Ownership, Control and the Firm: The Organization of Economic Activity. Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell.
  58. Dileo, I., & Divella, M. (2016). Heterogeneity in cooperation for innovation and technological capabilities of firms in Italy. L'industria, 37(3), 493-514. https://doi.org/10.1430/85408
  59. Dileo, I., & Pini, M. (2018). Management, digital innovation and Industry 4.0. The case of family businesses in Italy. Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, VIII(6), 22-52.
  60. Doloreux, D. (2002). What we should know about regional systems of innovation. Technology in Society, 24(3), 243-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-791X(02)00007-6
  61. Donaldson, L., & Davis, J. H. (1991). Stewardship theory or agency theory: CEO governance and shareholder returns. Australian Journal of Management, 16(1), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/031289629101600103
  62. Donckels, R., & Lambrecht, J. (1999). The re-emergence of family-based enterprises in east-central Europe: What can be learned from family business research in the Western world?. Family Business Review, 12(2), 171-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00171.x
  63. Duran, P., Kammerlander, N., Van Essen, M., & Zellweger, T. (2016). Doing more with less: Innovation input and output in family firms. Academy of Management Journal, 59(4), 1224-1264. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.0424
  64. Edquist, C., (2005). Systems of Innovation-Perspectives and Challenges. In J. Fagerberg, D. Mowery, & R. Nelson (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation (pp. 181-208). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  65. European Commission (2017), Key lessons from national industry 4.0 policy initiatives in Europe. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/dem/monitor/sites/default/files/DTM_Policy%20initiative%20comparison%20v1.pdf
  66. Evangelista, R., Guerrieri, P., & Meliciani, V. (2014). The economic impact of digital technologies in Europe. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 23(8), 802-824. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2014.918438
  67. Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983a). Separation of ownership and control. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 301-325. https://doi.org/10.1086/467037
  68. Fama, E. F., & Jensen, M. C. (1983b). Agency problems and residual claims. The Journal of Law and Economics, 26(2), 327-349. https://doi.org/10.1086/467038
  69. Ferri, G., Pini, M., & Scaccabarozzi, S. (2014). Le imprese familiari nel tessuto produttivo italiano: caratteristiche, dimensioni, territorialità. Rivista di Economia e Statistica del Territorio, 2, 48-77. https://doi.org/10.3280/REST2014-002003
  70. Filbeck, G., & Lee, S. (2000). Financial management techniques in family businesses. Family Business Review, 13(3), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2000.00201.x
  71. Flanagan, K., Uyarra, E., & Laranja, M. (2011). Reconceptualising the 'policy mix' for innovation. Research Policy, 40(5), 702-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2011.02.005
  72. Fornahl, D., & Brenner, T. (2003). Cooperation, Networks and Institutions in Regional Innovation Systems. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing
  73. Fox, M. A., & Hamilton, R. T. (1994). Ownership and diversification: Agency theory or stewardship theory. Journal of Management Studies, 31(1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1994.tb00333.x
  74. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Marshfield, MA: Pitman Publishing.
  75. Freeman, C. (1987). Technology and Economic Performance: Lessons from Japan. London: Printer.
  76. Galende, J., & de la Fuente, J. M. (2003). Internal factors determining a firm's innovative behaviour. Research Policy, 32(5), 715-736. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00082-3
  77. Gersick, K. E., Davis, J. A., Hampton, M. M., & Lansberg, I. (1997). Generation to Generation: Life Cycles of the Family Business. Harvard: Harvard Business Press.
  78. Giacomelli, S., & Trento, S. (2005). Proprietà, controllo e trasferimenti nelle imprese italiane: Cosa è cambiato nel decennio 1993-2003? (Bank of Italy Working Papers No. 550). Retrieved from https://www.bancaditalia.it/pubblicazioni/temi-discussione/2005/2005-0550/tema_550.pdf
  79. Geissbauer, R., Vedso, J., & Schrauf, S. (2016). Industry 4.0: Building the digital enterprise. Retrieved from https://www. pwc. com/gx/en/industries/industries-4.0/landing-page/industry-4.0-building-your-digital-enterprise-april-2016. pdf
  80. Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2007). Socioemotional wealth and business risks in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1), 106-137. https://doi.org/10.2189/asqu.52.1.106
  81. Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Núñez -Nickel, M., & Gutierrez, I. (2001). The role of family ties in agency contracts. Academy of Management Journal, 44(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.5465/3069338
  82. González-López, M., Dileo, I., & Losurdo, F. (2014). University-industry collaboration in the European regional context: The cases of Galicia and Apulia region. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 10(3), 57-87. https://doi.org/10.7341/20141033
  83. Götz, M., & Jankowska, B. (2017). Clusters and Industry 4.0-do they fit together?. European Planning Studies, 25(9), 1633-1653. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1327037
  84. Grant, R. M. (1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166664
  85. Guerrieri, P., Luciani, M., & Meliciani, V. (2011). The determinants of investment in information and communication technologies. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 20(4), 387-403. https://doi.org/10.1080/10438599.2010.526313
  86. Habbershon, T. G., & Williams, M. L. (1999). A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic advantages of family firms. Family Business Review, 12(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00001.x
  87. Hansson, M., Liljeblom, E., & Martikainen, M. (2011). Corporate governance and profitability in family SMEs. The European Journal of Finance, 17(5-6), 391-408. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2010.543842
  88. Hoffman, J., Hoelscher, M., & Sorenson, R. (2006). Achieving sustained competitive advantage: A family capital theory. Family Business Review, 19(2), 135-145. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00065.x
  89. Hoopes, D. G., & Miller, D. (2006). Ownership preferences, competitive heterogeneity, and family-controlled businesses. Family Business Review, 19(2), 89-101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00064.x
  90. Howells, J. (1999). Regional systems of innovation? In D. Archibugi, J. Howells, & J. Michie (Eds.), Innovation Policy in a Global Economy (pp. 67-93). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  91. Hughes, A. (2012). Choosing races and placing bets: UK national innovation policy and the globalisation of innovation systems. In D. Greenaway (Ed.), The UK in a Global World (pp. 37-70). London, UK: CEPR.
  92. Isaksen, A. (2001). Building regional innovation systems: Is endogenous industrial development possible in the global economy?. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 24(1), 101-120.
  93. Jayaraman, N., Khorana, A., Nelling, E., & Covin, J. (2000). CEO founder status and firm financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 21(12), 1215-1224. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200012)21:12<1215::AID-SMJ146>3.0.CO;2-0
  94. Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/0.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
  95. Johannisson, B., & Huse, M. (2000). Recruiting outside board members in the small family business: An ideological challenge. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 12(4), 353-378. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620050177958
  96. Kotlar, J., De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Bianchi, M., & Fang, H. (2013). Technology acquisition in family and nonfamily firms: A longitudinal analysis of Spanish manufacturing firms. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(6), 1073-1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12046
  97. Kraśnicka, T., Głód, W., & Wronka-Pośpiech, M. (2016). Management innovation and its measurement. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 12(2), 95-122. https://doi.org/10.7341/20161225
  98. Kumar, N., & Saqib, M. (1996). Firm size, opportunities for adaptation and in-house R&D activity in developing countries: The case of Indian manufacturing. Research Policy, 25(5), 713-722. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(95)00854-3
  99. Llach, J., & Nordqvist, M. (2010). Innovation in family and non-family businesses: A resource perspective. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 2(3-4), 381-399.
  100. Lagendijk, A. (2000). Learning in non-core regions: Towards' intelligent clusters' addressing business and regional needs. In F. Boekema, K. Morgan, S. Bakkers (Eds.), Knowledge, Innovation and Economic Growth: The Theory and Practice of Learning Regions (pp. 165-191). Aldershot, UK: Edward Elgar
  101. Landry, R., Amara, N., & Lamari, M. (2002). Does social capital determine innovation? To what extent?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 69(7), 681-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00170-6
  102. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (1999). Corporate ownership around the world. The Journal of Finance, 54(2), 471-517. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00115
  103. Le Breton-Miller, I., Miller, D., & Lester, R. H. (2011). Stewardship or agency? A social embeddedness reconciliation of conduct and performance in public family businesses. Organization Science, 22(3), 704-721. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0541
  104. Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. (2006). Why do some family businesses out-compete? Governance, long-term orientations, and sustainable capability. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(6), 731-746. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00147.x
  105. Leon, R. D. (2017). Developing entrepreneurial skills. An educational and intercultural perspective. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 13(4), 97-121. https://doi.org/10.7341/20171346
  106. Liao, Y., Deschamps, F., Loures, E. D. F. R., & Ramos, L. F. P. (2017). Past, present and future of Industry 4.0-a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International Journal of Production Research, 55(12), 3609-3629. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576
  107. López-Gracia, J., & Sánchez-Andújar, S. (2007). Financial structure of the family business: Evidence from a group of small Spanish firms. Family Business Review, 20(4), 269-287. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00094.x
  108. Lorenz, M., Ruessmann, M., Strack, R., Lueth, K. L., & Bolle, M. (2015). Man and machine in industry 4.0: How will technology transform the industrial workforce through 2025. Retrieved from https://www.bcg.com/publications/2015/technology-business-transformation-engineered-products-infrastructure-man-machine-industry-4.aspx
  109. Lundvall, B. A. (1992). National Innovation System: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning. London, UK: Pinter.
  110. Magro, E., Aranguren, M., & Navarro, M. (2010, May). Does regional S&T policy affect firms' behaviour. Paper presented at the Regional Studies Association annual international conference. Retrieved from http://www.regional-studies-assoc.ac.uk/events/2010/may-pecs-papers.asp
  111. Magro, E., & Wilson, J. R. (2013). Complex innovation policy systems: Towards an evaluation mix. Research Policy, 42(9), 1647-1656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.06.005
  112. Mandl, I. (2008). Overview of family business relevant issues. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/docsroom/documents/10389/attachments/1/translations/en/renditions/pdf
  113. Manso, G. (2011). Motivating innovation. The Journal of Finance, 66(5), 1823-1860. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2011.01688.x
  114. Marino, M., & Parrotta, P. (2010, June). Impacts of public funding to R&D: Evidences from Denmark. In DRUID summer conference. Retrieved from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/business-school/research/innovation-and-entrepreneurship/events/conferences/druid-summer-conference-2010/
  115. Matzler, K., Veider, V., Hautz, J., & Stadler, C. (2015). The impact of family ownership, management, and governance on innovation. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(3), 319-333. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12202
  116. McCann, P., & Ortega-Argilés, R. (2015). Smart specialisation, regional growth and applications to EU cohesion policy. Regional Studies, 49(8), 1291-1302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2013.799769
  117. Miller, D., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2006). Family governance and firm performance: Agency, stewardship, and capabilities. Family Business Review, 19(1), 73-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00063.x
  118. Miller, D., & Le Breton-Miller, I. (2005). Managing for the Long Run: Lessons in Competitive Advantage from Great Family Businesses. Harvard: Harvard Business Press.
  119. Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., Lester, R. H., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2007). Are family firms really superior performers?. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(5), 829-858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2007.03.004
  120. Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Scholnick, B. (2008). Stewardship vs. stagnation: An empirical comparison of small family and non-family businesses. Journal of Management Studies, 45(1), 51-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00718.x
  121. Minetti, R., Murro, P., & Paiella, M. (2015). Ownership structure, governance, and innovation. European Economic Review, 80, 165-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.09.007
  122. Ministry of Economic Development. (2017). Italy's plan: Industria 4.0. Retrieved from https://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/2017_01_16-Industria_40_English.pdf
  123. Moeuf, A., Pellerin, R., Lamouri, S., Tamayo-Giraldo, S., & Barbaray, R. (2018). The industrial management of SMEs in the era of Industry 4.0. International Journal of Production Research, 56(3), 1118-1136. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1372647
  124. Moulaert, F., & Sekia, F. (2003). Territorial innovation models: A critical survey. Regional Studies, 37(3), 289-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/0034340032000065442
  125. Muscio, A. (2006). From regional innovation systems to local innovation systems: Evidence from Italian industrial districts. European Planning Studies, 14(6), 773-789. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500496073
  126. Mytelka, L. K. (2000). Local systems of innovation in a globalized world economy. Industry and Innovation, 7(1), 15-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/713670244
  127. Naldi, L., Nordqvist, M., Sjöberg, K., & Wiklund, J. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation, risk taking, and performance in family firms. Family Business Review, 20(1), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2007.00082.x
  128. Nauwelaers, C., Boekholt, P., Mostert, B., Cunningham, P., Guy, K., Hofer, R., & Rammer, C. (2009). Policy mixes for R&D in Europe. Retrieved from http://www.eurosfaire.prd.fr/7pc/doc/1249471847_policy_mixes_rd_ue_2009.pdf
  129. Nauwelaers, C., & Wintjes, R. (2003). Towards a new paradigm for innovation policy. In B. T. Asheim, A. Isaksen, C. Nauwelaers, & F. Tödling (Eds.), Regional Innovation Policy for Small-medium Enterprises (pp. 193-220). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
  130. Nelson, R. R., & Rosenberg, N. (1993). Technical innovation and national systems. In R. R. Nelson (Ed.), National Innovation Systems: A Comparative Analysis (pp. 3-22). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  131. Neubauer, F., & Lank A. G. (1998). The Family Business: Its Governance for Sustainability. New York: Routledge.
  132. Nieto, M. J., Santamaria, L., & Fernandez, Z. (2015). Understanding the innovation behavior of family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(2), 382-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12075
  133. Niosi, J., Saviotti, P., Bellon, B., & Crow, M. (1993). National systems of innovation: In search of a workable concept. Technology in Society, 15(2), 207-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-791X(93)90003-7
  134. O'Brien, J. P. (2003). The capital structure implications of pursuing a strategy of innovation. Strategic Management Journal, 24(5), 415-431. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.308
  135. OECD (2010). OECD science, technology and industry outlook 2010. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/oecd-science-technology-and-industry-outlook-2010_sti_outlook-2010-en
  136. OECD (1999). Managing National Innovation Systems. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/industry-and-services/managing-national-innovation-systems_9789264189416-en
  137. Peteraf, M. A. (1993). The cornerstones of competitive advantage: A resource-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 14(3), 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140303
  138. Pickering, C., & Byrne, J. (2014). The benefits of publishing systematic quantitative literature reviews for PhD candidates and other early-career researchers. Higher Education Research & Development, 33(3), 534-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2013.841651
  139. Pini, M., Dileo, I., & Cassetta, E., (2018). Digital reorganization as a driver of the export growth of Italian manufacturing small and medium sized enterprises. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 5(59), 1373-1385.
  140. PWC. (2016). Industry 4.0: Building the Digital Enterprise. Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/industries/industries-4.0/landing-page/industry-4.0-building-your-digital-enterprise-april-2016.pdf
  141. Schneider, P. (2018). Managerial challenges of Industry 4.0: An empirically backed research agenda for a nascent field. Review of Managerial Science, 12(3), 803-848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-018-0283-2
  142. Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., & Dino, R. N. (2003). Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 473-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00054-5
  143. Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., Dino, R. N., & Buchholtz, A. K. (2001). Agency relationships in family firms: Theory and evidence. Organization Science, 12(2), 99-116. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.12.2.99.10114
  144. Schumpeter, J. A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  145. Schwab, K. (2016). The 4th industrial revolution. In World Economic Forum. New York: Crown Business.
  146. Sciascia, S., & Mazzola, P. (2008). Family involvement in ownership and management: Exploring nonlinear effects on performance. Family Business Review, 21(4), 331-345. https://doi.org/10.1177/08944865080210040105
  147. Sirmon, D. G., & Hitt, M. A. (2003). Managing resources: Linking unique resources, management, and wealth creation in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(4), 339-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-8520.t01-1-00013
  148. Smallbone, D., North, D., Roper, S., & Vickers, I. (2003). Innovation and the use of technology in manufacturing plants and SMEs: An interregional comparison. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 21(1), 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1068/c0218
  149. Spithoven, A., Frantzen, D., & Clarysse, B. (2010). Heterogeneous firm-level effects of knowledge exchanges on product innovation: Differences between dynamic and lagging product innovators. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(3), 362-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2010.00722.x
  150. Stock, T., & Seliger, G. (2016). Opportunities of sustainable manufacturing in industry 4.0. Procedia Cirp, 40, 536-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.01.129
  151. Tagiuri, R., & Davis, J. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the family firm. Family Business Review, 9(2), 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1996.00199.x
  152. Tödtling, F., & Trippl, M. (2005). One size fits all?: Towards a differentiated regional innovation policy approach. Research Policy, 34(8), 1203-1219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.018
  153. Tsai, K. H., & Wang, J. C. (2005). Does R&D performance decline with firm size?-A re-examination in terms of elasticity. Research Policy, 34(6), 966-976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.05.017
  154. Veugelers, R., & Cassiman, B. (1999). Make and buy in innovation strategies: Evidence from Belgian manufacturing firms. Research Policy, 28(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(98)00106-1
  155. Villalonga, B., & Amit, R. (2006). How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value?. Journal of Financial Economics, 80(2), 385-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2004.12.005
  156. Xu, L. D., Xu, E. L., & Li, L. (2018). Industry 4.0: State of the art and future trends. International Journal of Production Research, 56(8), 2941-2962. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2018.1444806
  157. Westhead, P., & Howorth, C. (2007). 'Types' of private family firms: An exploratory conceptual and empirical analysis. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 19(5), 405-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620701552405
  158. Williams, R. (2012). Using the margins command to estimate and interpret adjusted predictions and marginal effects. Stata Journal, 12(2), 308-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/1536867X1201200209
  159. Wooldridge, J. M. (2016). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.
  160. Yoo, W., Mayberry, R., Bae, S., Singh, K., He, Q. P., & Lillard Jr, J. W. (2014). A study of effects of multicollinearity in the multivariable analysis. International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 4(5), 9-19.
  161. Zahra, S. A., Hayton, J. C., & Salvato, C. (2004). Entrepreneurship in family vs. non-family firms: A resource-based analysis of the effect of organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 363-381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00051.
Cited by
Show
ISSN
2299-7075
Language
eng
URI / DOI
https://doi.org/10.7341/20191533
Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Google+ Share on Pinterest Share on LinkedIn Wyślij znajomemu