- Autor
- Nessel Karolina (Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland)
- Tytuł
- A Born Global Gradually Advancing Its Internationalization - a Case Study of Internationalization Process of a Small Tour Operator in a Niche Market
- Źródło
- Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 2013, vol. 9, nr 1, s. 69-95, rys., tab., bibliogr. 89 poz.
- Tytuł własny numeru
- Entrepeneurship in Tourism and Sport
- Słowa kluczowe
- Organizacja born global, Małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa, Przedsiębiorstwo turystyczne, Internacjonalizacja, Przedsiębiorczość międzynarodowa, Rynek turystyczny
Born global, Small business, Tourist enterprises, Internationalization, International entrepreneurship, Tourism market - Uwagi
- streszcz., summ.
- Abstrakt
- Dzisiaj wiele już wiadomo o wzorcach internacjonalizacji małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw (MSP). Jednak dotychczasowe badania skupiały się głównie na internacjonalizacji poprzez eksport oraz dotyczyły bardziej przemysłu niż sektora usług (i w bardzo nikłym stopniu internacjonalizacji firm turystycznych). Dlatego też niniejszy artykuł podejmuje wstępne badania w celu zweryfikowania, w jakim stopniu ogólnie stosowane ramy analizy są przydatne w zrozumieniu ścieżki internacjonalizacji MSP sektora turystycznego. W tym celu dokonane zostaje studium przypadku małego tour operatora w Polsce działającego w niszowym segmencie ślubów za granicą. Badanie zestawia charakterystykę internacjonalizacji firmy z ustaleniami dwóch głównych ujęć teoretycznych internacjonalizacji MSP: modelami stopniowej internacjonalizacji (tzw. modele behawioralne) oraz modelami wczesnej i szybkiej internacjonalizacji (firmy zwane "urodzonymi globalistami") strategii firmy i wiązać się z charakterystyką rynku i produktu (zgodnie z modelami wczesnej i szybkiej internacjonalizacji). Natomiast drugi rodzaj (i etap) działalności międzynarodowej może wynikać z bardziej biernej postawy i wiązać się z minimalnym zaangażowaniem zasobów (zgodnie z modelami internacjonalizacji stopniowej i powolnej). Główne wnioski badania są dwojakie. Po pierwsze, nawet, jeśli powszechnie stosowane ramy analizy całkiem dobrze służą analizie przypadku małego tour operatora, to jednak istnieje wyraźna potrzeba adaptacji tych ram do specyfiki sektora (zwłaszcza w przypadku zdolności organizacyjnych). Po drugie, dalsze badania powinny uwzględnić także niejednorodność międzynarodowych działań firmy (w zakresie ich czynników sprawczych jak i przebiegu). Nawet, jeśli firma rodzi się globalistą, jej dalsza internacjonalizacja może jednak przebiegać stopniowo. W szczególności, wczesna i szybka internacjonalizacja poprzez import może prowadzić do stopniowej, etapowej internacjonalizacji przez eksport. Ten pierwszy rodzaj (i etap) działalności międzynarodowej firmy może wynikać z aktywnej postawy wobec internacjonalizacji, być istotą strategii firmy i wiązać się z charakterystyką rynku i produktu (zgodnie z modelami wczesnej i szybkiej internacjonalizacji). Natomiast drugi rodzaj (i etap) działalności międzynarodowej może wynikać z bardziej biernej postawy i wiązać się z minimalnym zaangażowaniem zasobów (zgodnie z modelami internacjonalizacji stopniowej i powolnej). (abstrakt oryginalny)
Today much is already known about the internationalization patterns of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). However, the research has mainly focused on outward internationalization and more in manufacturing industry than in services (and hardly in the tourism industry). Thus, the paper undertakes an exploratory research in order to verify to what extent the common framework of analysis may explain an internationalization path of SMEs in the tourism sector. To this goal, a case study of a small tour operator in a niche market of weddings abroad in Poland is undertaken. The research seeks to match the firm's internationalization characteristics with considerations of two dominant theories of SME internationalization: stage models of gradual internationalization (so called behavioral models) and models of early and rapid internationalization (businesses called 'born globals' or 'international new ventures'). The main findings of the study are twofold. Firstly, even if the general framework of the analysis suits a case of a small tour operator well, still there is a need to adapt the general framework to industry features (in particular, in terms of organization capabilities). Secondly, a further research should also take into account heterogeneity of international activities (in terms of their antecedents and process). Even if a firm is born global, its further internationalization may well be incremental in nature. In particular, an early and rapid internationalization through imports may lead to a gradual internationalization through exports. The former may result from a proactive attitude, be strategy driven, and implied by characteristics of the market and product (well in lines with models of an early and rapid internationalization). The latter, however, may stem from a rather passive attitude with almost no resource commitment (more in lines with models of a gradual and slow internationalization). (original abstract) - Dostępne w
- Biblioteka Główna Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach
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- ISSN
- 2299-7075
- Język
- eng