- Autor
- Woodside Arch G. (Boston College, USA), Sakai Marcia Y. (University of Hawaii, USA)
- Tytuł
- Case Study Research on Evaluations of Destination Management Organizations' Actions and Outcomes
- Źródło
- Folia Turistica / Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego im. B. Czecha w Krakowie, 2011, nr 25, s. 145-181, rys., bibliogr. 85 poz.
- Tytuł własny numeru
- The Master Classes
- Słowa kluczowe
- Turystyka, Marketing turystyczny, Audyt
Tourism, Tourism marketing, Audit - Uwagi
- summ.
Artykuł dostępny także w języku polskim w numerze 25(2) http://www.folia-turistica.pl/attachments/article/402/FT_25(2)_2011.pdf - Abstrakt
- The present article includes a case study that describes and analyzes three performance audit reports over a three decade period for one U.S. state government's destination management organization's (DMO) actions and outcomes. This report extends prior studies [Woodside and Sakai 2001, 2003] that support two conclusions: (1) the available independent performance audits of DMOs' actions and outcomes indicate that frequently DMOs perform poorly and fail to meaningfully assess the impacts of their own actions and (2) the audits themselves are shallow and often fail to provide information on DMOs' actions and outcomes relating to these organizations largest marketing expenditures. The article calls for embracing a strategy shift in designing program evaluations by both by government departments responsible for managing destinations' tourism marketing programs and by all government auditing agencies in conducting future management performance audits. The article offers a "tourism performance audit template" as a tool for both strategic planning by destination management organizations and for evaluating DMOs' planning and implementing strategies. (original abstract)
- Pełny tekst
- Pokaż
- Bibliografia
- Armstrong J.S. (1982), The Value of Formal Planning for Strategic Decisions: Review of Empirical Research, Strategic Management Journal, 3: 197-211.
- Armstrong J.S. (1985), Long-Range Forecasting: from Crystal Ball to Computer, Wiley, New York.
- Axelrod, J.N. (1968), Attitude Measures that Predict Purchase, Journal of Advertising Research, 8(1): 3-17.
- The Auditor (1994), Manual of Guides, State of Hawaii, Honolulu, June.
- Banks S. (1965), Experimentation in Marketing, McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Bellavita C., Wholey J.S. and Abramson M.A. (1986), Performance-Oriented Evaluation: Prospects for the Future, [in:] J.S. Wholey, M.A. Abramson and C. Bellavita (eds.), Performance and Credibility: Developing Excellence in Public and Nonprofit Organizations, Lexington Press, Lexington, MA.
- Berelson B. (1952), Content Analysis in Communications Research, Free Press, Glencoe, IL.
- Bettman J.R., Luce M.F. and Payne J.W. (1998), Constructive Consumer Choice Processes, Journal of Consumer Research, 25 (December): 187-217.
- Bitner M.J., Booms B.H. and Mohr L.A. (1994), Critical Service Encounters: The Employee's View, Journal of Marketing 58 (October): 95-106.
- Boland R.J., Jr. (1993), Accounting and the Interpretive Act, Accounting, Organizations, and Society, 18: 125-146.
- Bonham C. and Mak J. (1996), Private versus Public Financing of State Destination Promotion, Journal of Travel Research, 35(2): 3-10.
- Bonoma T.V. (1985), The Marketing Edge: Making Strategies Work, Free Press, New York.
- Brooks R.A. (1997), Evaluation and Auditing in State Legislature, [in:] E. Chelimsky and W.R. Shadish (eds.), Evaluation for the 21st Century: A Handbook, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 109-120.
- Bulkeley W.M. (1993), Marketers Mine Their Corporate Databases, Wall Street Journal, June 14, B6.
- Campbell D T. (1969), Reforms as Experiments, American Psychologist, 24: 409-429.
- Campbell D.T. (1978), Qualitative Knowing in Action Research, [in:] M. Brenner, P. Marsh and and M. Brenner (eds.), The Social Contexts of Method, Croom Helm, London: 184-209 [reprinted in:] E.S. Overman (ed.), Methodology and Epistemology for Social Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, pp. 360-376.
- Campbell D.T. and Stanley J.C. (1963), Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Rand McNally, Chicago.
- Caples J. (1974), Tested Advertising Methods, 4th edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- Cappo J. (1992), [Editorial], Advertising Age, November 16, 11.
- Carton R.B. and Hofer C.W. (2006), Measuring Organizational Performance, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.
- Chen H. and Rossi P.H. (1987), Evaluating with Sense: The Theory-Driven Approach, Evaluation Review, 7: 283-302.
- Clifford Jr., D.K. and Cavanagh R.E. (1985), The Winning Performance, Bantam, Toronto.
- Cook T.D. (1997), Lessons Learned in Evaluation Over the Past 25 Years, [in:] E. Chelimsky and W.R. Shadish (eds.), Evaluation for the 21st Century, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Cronbach L.J., Ambron S.R., Dornbusch S.M., Hess R.D., Hornki R.C., Phillips D.C., Walker D.F. and Weiner S.S. (1980), Toward Reform of Program Evaluation, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
- Geertz Clifford (1973), Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture. In The Interpretation of Cultures: Selected Essays, Basic Books, New York, pp. 3-30.
- Gigerenzer G. (2000), Adaptive Thinking: Rationality in the Real World, Oxford University Press Oxford, UK.
- Gilovich T. (1991), How We Know What Isn't So, New York, Free Press.
- Haley R.I., and Case P.B. (1979), Testing Thirteen Attitude Scales for Agreement and Brand Discrimination, Journal of Marketing, 43(4): 20-32.
- Hawaii (1987), Management Audit of the Hawaii Visitors Bureau and the State's Tourism Program, Report Number 87-14: the Legislative Auditor of the State of Hawaii (February), Honolulu.
- Hawaii (1993), Management and Financial Audit of the Hawaii Visitors Bureau, Report Number 93-25, The Auditor, State of Hawaii (December), Honolulu.
- Huff A.S. (ed.), (1990), Mapping Strategic Thought, Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
- Kahneman D and Tversky A (2000), Choices, Values, and Frames, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
- Kaplan R. (1984), Yesterday's Accounting Undermines Production, Harvard Business Review, 62, July/August: 95-101.
- Kaplan R.S. and Norton, D.P. (1996), Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System, Harvard Business Review, 74(1): 75-85.
- Kaplan R.S. and Norton D.P. (2001), Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part I, Accounting Horizons 15(1): 87-104.
- Kay J. (1995), Why Firms Succeed, Oxford Press, New York.
- Klein G., Moon B. and Hoffman R.R. (2006), Making Sense of Sensemaking 1: Alternative Perspectives, Intelligent Systems, 21(4): 70-73.
- Kotler P., Gregor W.T. and Rodgers W.H. (1977), The Marketing Audit Comes of Age, Sloan Management Review, 18 (Winter): 25-43.
- Kotler, P., Gregor, W.T. and Rodgers, W.H. (1989), Retrospective Commentary, Sloan Management Review, 30 (Winter): 59-62.
- Kotler P. (1997), Marketing Management, 9e., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
- Longwoods International (1997), Hawaii [Advertising] Accountability Research, Longwoods International, Toronto, Ontario.
- Marketing Matters Newsletter (2007), CEOs Perceived as Skeptical About Marketing Measurement, Chicago, American Marketing Association, 5 April, http://www.marketingpower.com/content800118.php.
- Malle, B.F. (1999), How People Explain Behavior: A New Theoretical Framework, Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3(1): 23-48.
- Management and Financial Audit Report on the Hawai'i Tourism Authority's Contracts. A Report to the Governor and Legislature of the state of Hawaii, 2003. http://www.state.hi.us/auditor/Reports/2003/03-10.pdf].
- Mintzberg H. (1978), Patterns in Strategy Formation, Management Science, 24: 934-948.
- Neil S., McKee D. and Rose G.M. (2007), Developing the Organization's Sensemaking Capability: Precursor to an Adaptive Strategic Marketing Response, Industrial Marketing Management, 36: 731-744.
- Nutt P.C. (1993), The Formulation Processes and Tactics Used in Organizational Decision Making, Organization Science, 4(2): 226-251
- Nutt P.C. (2002), Why Decisions Fail, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, New York.
- Patton M.Q. (1997), Utilization-Focused Evaluation, 3e., Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Perdue R.R. and Pitegoff B.E. (1990), Methods of Accountability Research for Destination Marketing, Journal of Travel Research, 28 (Spring): 45-49.
- Pike S. (2007), Repeat Visitors - An Exploratory Investigation of RTO [Regional Tourism Organizations] Responses, Journal of Travel & Tourism Research, 7(1): 1-13.
- Plous S. (1993), The Psychology of Judgment and Decision Making, Mc- Graw-Hill, New York.
- Pollitt C. and Summa H. (1997), Performance Auditing. In Evaluation for the 21st Century, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Price L.L., Arnould E.J. and Tierney P. (1995), Going to Extremes: Managing Service Encounters and Assessing Provider Performance, Journal of Marketing, 59 (April): 83-97.
- Rees R.M. (1995), The HVB: Private Gain vs. Public Good, Pacific Business News, (February 13), 5.
- Ryle G. (1968), The Thinking of Thoughts: What is "Le Penseur" Doing?, University Lectures, 18, University of Saskatchewan, http://lucy.ukc.ac.uk/CSACSIA/Vol14/Papers/ryle_1.html.
- Sackman S. (1991), Cultural Knowledge in Organizations: Exploring the Collective Mind, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
- Scriven M.S. (1967), The Methodology of Evaluation, AERA Monograph Series on Curriculum Evaluation, 1, Rand, McNally, Chicago.
- Scriven M.S. (1974), Evaluation Perspectives and Procedures, [in:] J.W. Popham (ed.), Evaluation in Education: Current Application, McCutchan, Berkeley, CA, pp. 9-93.
- Scriven M.S. (1980), The Logic of Evaluation, Inverness, CA, Edgepress.
- Scriven M.S. (1987), Evaluation Ideologies, [in:] G.F. Madaus, M. Scriven and D.L. Stufflebeam (eds.) Evaluation Models: Viewpoints on Educational and Human Services, Kluwer-Nijhoff, Boston, pp. 229-260.
- Scriven M.S. (1995), The Logic of Evaluation and Evaluation Practice, [in:] D.M. Fournier (ed.), Reasoning in Evaluation: Inferential Links and Leaps, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp. 49-70.
- Sevin C.H. (1965), Marketing Productivity Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Shadish Jr., W.R., Cook T.D. and Leviton L.C. (1991), Foundations of Program Evaluation, Sage, Newbury Park.
- Shadish W.R., Cook T.D. and Campbell D.T. (2001), Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.
- Shostack G.L. (1987), Service Positioning Through Structural Change, Journal of Marketing, 51 (January): 34-53.
- Stake R.E. (1980), Program Evaluation, Particularly Responsive Evaluation, [in:] W.B. Dockrell and D. Hamilton (ed.), Rethinking Educational Research, Hodder and Stroughton, London.
- Stake R., Migotsky C., Davis R., Cisneros E.J., DePaul G., Dunbar Jr., Ch., Farmer R., Feltovich J., Johnson E., Williams B., Zurita M. and Chaves I. (1997), The Evolving Syntheses of Program Value, Evaluation Practice, 18(2): 89-103.
- Stubbart C. and Ramaprasad A. (1988), Probing Two Chief Executives' Schematic Knowledge on the U.S. Steel Industry by Using Cognitive Maps, Advances in Strategic Management, 5: 139-164.
- Thomas J.B., Clark S.M. and Gioia D.A. (1993), Strategic Sensemaking and Organizational Performance: Linkages among Scanning, Interpretation, Action, and Outcomes, Academy of Management Journal, 36(2): 239-270.
- Weick K.E. (1995), Sensemaking in Organizations, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
- Weick K.E., Sutcliffe K.M. and Obstfeld D. (2005), Organizing and the Process of Sensemaking, Organization Science, 16(4): 409-421.
- Weiss C.H. (1972), Evaluation Research: Methods for Assessing Program Effectiveness, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- Weiss, C.H. (1987), Evaluation Social Programs: What Have We Learned?, Society, 25 (1), 40-45.
- Wegner, D.M. (2002), The Illusion of Conscious Will, Bradford Books - The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
- Wholey J.S. (1977), Evaluability Assessment, [in:] L. Rutman (ed.), Evaluation Research Methods: A Basic Guide, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
- Wholey J.S. (1987), Evaluation and Effective Public Management, Boston, Little, Brown.
- Wilson T.D. (2004), Strangers to Ourselves: Discovering the Adaptive Unconscious, Belknap Press, Cambridge, U.S.
- Woodside A.G. (1990),Measuring Advertising Effectiveness in Destination Marketing Strategies, Journal of Travel Research, 29(2): 3-8.
- Woodside A.G. (1996), Measuring the Effectiveness of Image and Linkage Advertising, Quorum, Westport, CT.
- Woodside A.G., MacDonald R. And Trappey III, R.J. (1997), Measuring Linkage-Advertising Effects on Customer Behavior and Net Revenue, Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, 14(2): 214-228.
- Woodside A.G. and Ronkainen, I.A. (1982), Travel Advertising: Newspapers versus Magazines, Journal of Advertising Research, 22 (June): 39-43.
- Woodside, A.G., and Soni P.K. (1990), Performance Analysis of Advertising in Competing Media Vehicles, Journal of Advertising Research, 30(1): 53-66.
- Woodside, A.G. and Sakai M. (2001), Evaluating Performance Audits of Implemented Tourism Marketing Strategies, Journal of Travel Research, 39 (May): 369-379.
- Woodside A.G., and Sakai M.Y. (2003), Meta-Evaluation: Assessing Alternative Methods of Performing Evaluations and Audits of Planned and Implemented Marketing Strategies. Evaluating Marketing Actions and Outcomes, Volume 12, [in:] Advances in Business Marketing & Purchasing, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
- Cytowane przez
- ISSN
- 0867-3888
- Język
- eng