BazEkon - Biblioteka Główna Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

BazEkon home page

Meny główne

Autor
Czornik Katarzyna (University of Silesia in Katowice)
Tytuł
Bahrain as the Area of Saudi-Iranian rivalry in the Second Decade of the 21st Century
Bahrajn jako obszar rywalizacji saudyjsko-irańskiej w drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku
Źródło
Studia Politicae Universitatis Silesiensis, 2017, T. 19, s. 177-203, bibliogr. 74 poz.
Słowa kluczowe
Polityka zagraniczna, Sytuacja polityczna
Foreign policy, Political situation
Uwagi
summ.
Kraj/Region
Arabia Saudyjska, Stany Zjednoczone Ameryki, Bahrajn
Saudi Arabia, United States of America (USA), Bahrain
Abstrakt
W publikacji dokonano analizy prawnokonstytucyjnej roli rządu hiszpańskiego w procesie stanowienia prawa. Przedstawiono możliwości rządu w inicjowaniu procedury legislacyjnej, udział w postępowaniu zatwierdzającym (sankcja monarsza), prawo stanowienia aktów prawnych z mocą ustaw i aktów reglamentacyjnych (wykonawczych). Wskazano rolę Rady Stanu jako organu konsultacyjnego rządu w procesie prawotwórczym, a także prawne możliwości inicjowania kontroli prewencyjnej i następczej przed Trybunałem Konstytucyjnym.(abstrakt oryginalny)

The article presents constitutional law analysis of the Spanish government's role in the lawmaking process. The government's capacities in the following scopes are described: the initiation of legislative procedure, participation in the approval procedure (monarchical sanction), and the right to enact statutory legislative acts and regulatory (executive) acts. The role of the Council of State was depicted as an advisory body to the government in the lawmaking process, and the legal possibilities to initiate preventive and subsequent review by the Constitutional Tribunal.(original abstract)
Dostępne w
Biblioteka Główna Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach
Pełny tekst
Pokaż
Bibliografia
Pokaż
  1. "American Mission Hospital" - http://www.amh.org.bh/history/ (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  2. "Bahrain Becomes a 'Major Non-NATO Ally' - 2001-10-26," October 30, 2009 - http://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2001-10-26-13-bahrain-67542952/387338.html (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  3. "Bahrain executes three for killing police officers," February 18, 2017 - http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/bahrain/bahrain-executes-three-for-killing-police-officers-1.1961954 (accessed: 17.02.2017).
  4. "Bahrain Free Trade Agreement," Office of the United States Trade Representative - https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/bahrain-fta (accessed:27.01.2017).
  5. "Bahrain Population" - http://countrymeters.info/ en/Bahrain (accessed: 16.02.2017).
  6. "Bahrain profile - Timeline," September 1, 2016 - http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14541322 (accessed: 12.01.2017).
  7. "Bahrain protests a worry for US and its fifth fleet" - http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/feb/17/bahrain-protests-us-fifth-fleet (accessed: 15.02.2017).
  8. "Bahrain, The Al-Khalifa Dynasty" - http://www.royalark.net/Bahrain/bahrain10.htm (accessed: 12.01.2016).
  9. "Bahrain," CIA, The World Factbook - https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ba.html (accessed: 14.02.2017).
  10. "BAHRAIN. Majlis Al-Nuwab (Council of Representatives), ELECTIONS IN 2010," Inter-Parliamentary Union - http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2371_10.htm (accessed: 27.01.2017).
  11. "Bahrain: Activist Jailed After Criticizing Prime Minister" - https://www.hrw.org/legacy/english/docs/2004/09/ 29/bahrai9413.htm (accessed: 12.01.2016).
  12. "Bahrain's National Charter Referendum, Human Rights Watch Backgrounder February 2001," HRW World Report 2000: Bahrain - https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/mena/bah-bck-0212.htm (accessed: 12.01.2017).
  13. "Bahrain's October 24 and 31, 2002 Legislative Elections. Prepared by The National Democratic Institute for International Affairs," NDI, 2002 - https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/2392_bh_electionsreport_engpdf_0925 2008.pdf (accessed: 12.01.2017).
  14. "Bahraini police clash with Formula One protesters," 13 April 2013 - https://www.rt.com/news/bahrain-formula-one-protests-776/ (accessed: 14.01.2017).
  15. "Bahrajn w ślad za Arabią Saudyjską zrywa stosunki dyplomatyczne z Iranem," 4 stycznia 2016 - http://wyborcza.pl/1,75399,19425349, bahrajn-w-slad-za-arabia-saudyjska-zrywa-stosunki-dyplomatyczne.html (accessed: 9.02.2017)
  16. "Bahrajn. Informacja o stosunkach gospodarczych z Polską," Ministerstwo Rozwoju - https://www.mr.gov.pl/ media/22829/BAHRAIN_18_07_2016.pdf (accessed: 16.02.2017).
  17. "Constitutional history of Bahrain" - http://www.constitutionnet.org/country/constitutional-history-bahrain(accessed: 25.02.2017).
  18. "Elections in Bahrain," 2014 - http://www.vote.bh/En/275?cms=iQRpheuphYtJ6pyXUGiNqtMAczEWUgPf (accessed: 18.01.2017).
  19. "Freedom in the World 2017" - https://freedomhouse.org/report/fiw-2017-table-country-scores (accessed: 10.02.2017).
  20. "Gulf Cooperation Council" - http://www.gcc-sg.org/en-us/Pages/default.aspx (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  21. "National Oil and Gas Authority" - http://www.noga.gov.bh/index.php?page=4400 (accessed: 15.02.2017).
  22. "Natural Gas Exports. Export of natural gas by the countries of the Word" - http://world.bymap.org/NaturalGas Exports.html (accessed: 14.02.2017).
  23. "OPEC Annual Statistic Bulletin 2016. Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries" - http://www.opec.org/opec_web/static_files_project/media/down-loads/publications/ASB2016.pdf (accessed: 14.02.2017).
  24. "Parliamentary and municipal elections in Bahrain 2006: Islamic Sunnis are leading the second elections in Bahrain," 13 December 2006 - http://www.constitutionnet.org/files/No.%2014%20Parliamentary%20and%20 municipal%20elections%20in%20Bahrain%202006.pdf (accessed: 12.01.2017).
  25. "Resolution 2231 (2015) Adopted by the Security Council at its 7488th meeting, on 20 July 2015," Security Council, 20 July 2015 - http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2231(2015) (accessed: 25.02.2017).
  26. "Statement by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Joshua Earnest on U.S. Sale of Defense Equipment to Saudi Arabia," The White House, December 29, 2011 - http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/12/29/statement-principal-deputy-press-secretary-joshua-earnest-us-sale-defens (accessed: 25. 02.2017).
  27. "Statement from NSC Spokesman Tommy Vietor on the National Security Advisor's visit to Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates," The White House, April 13, 2011 - http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/04/13/statement-nsc-spokesman-tommy-vietor-national-security-advisor-s-visit-s (accessed: 10.02.2017).
  28. "The Constitutional Law and the Legal system of the Kingdom of Bahrain," April 2010 - http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Bahrain.html (accessed: 17.01.2017).
  29. "The origins of Bahrain's political opposition: Part 11," 26 June 2014 - http://www.citizensforbahrain.com/index.php/entry/the-origins-of-bahrain-s-political-opposition-part-11 (accessed: 12.01.2017).
  30. "U.S. Naval Forces Central Command" - http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/Subs-and-Squadrons/ (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  31. "U.S. Relations With Bahrain, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs," U.S. Department of State, February 2, 2017 - https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/26414.htm (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  32. "Written evidence from Bahrain Freedom Movement," 18 November 2012 - https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201314/cmselect/cmfaff/88/88vw22.htm (accessed: 12.01.2017).
  33. Al Zahrani Y.: "Saudi Arabia and the Arab Spring. Reshaping Saudi Security Doctrine," Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 2014, Vol. 8, Issue 4.
  34. Arabowie. Słownik Encyklopedyczny. Ed. M.M. Dziekan. Warszawa 2001.
  35. Armbruster J.: Arabska Wiosna. Rewolucja w świecie islamskim. Wrocław 2011.
  36. Bednarz D., Reuter Ch., Zand B.: "Proxy War in Yemen: Saudi Arabia and Iran Vie for Regional Supremacy," April 3, 2015, Spiegel Online International - http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/saudi-arabia-and-iran-fighting-proxy-war-in-yemen-a-1027056.html (accessed: 14.02.2017).
  37. Belfer M.: "Bahrain's al Khalifa Dilemma," Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 2014, Vol. 8, Issue 4.
  38. Blanchard Ch.M.: "Saudi Arabia: Background and U.S. Relations," CRS Report for Congress, June 19, 2012 - http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33533.pdf (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  39. Bliski Wschód coraz bliżej. Eds. J. Danecki, S. Sulowski. Warszawa 2011.
  40. Blomfield A.: "Bahrain hints at Iranian involvement in plot to overthrow government," 6 September 2010 - http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/bahrain/7983095/Bahrain-hints-at-Iranian-involvement-in-plot-to-overthrow-government.html (accessed: 27.01.2017).
  41. Braun S.: Islam. Powstanie - dzieje - nauka. Warszawa 2003.
  42. Business Friendly Bahrain - http://www.bahrain.com/en/bi/Pages/default.aspx#.WKlsM_KME98 (accessed: 12.02.2017).
  43. Chałaczkiewicz R.: Zjednoczone Emiraty Arabskie. Historia, raj i ludzie. Pułtusk-Warszawa 2011.
  44. Chapter 2. Country Reports: Middle East and North Africa Overview, Country Reports on Terrorism 2010. U.S. Department of State, August 18, 2011 - https://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2010/170257.htm (accessed: 24.01.2017).
  45. Czajkowska K., Diawoł-Sitko A.: Systemy polityczne wybranych państw Bliskiego Wschodu. Warszawa 2012.
  46. DeYoung K.: "In Arab Spring speech, Clinton defends U.S. stance on Syria, Bahrain." The Washington Post 2011, November 8 - http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/clinton-defends-us-stance-on-syria-bahrain/2011/11/07/gIQAsAJ9xM_story.html (accessed: 19.02.2017).
  47. Dickinson E.: "Bahrain's Elections and the Opposition," Middle East Institute, December 23, 2014 - http://www.mei.edu/content/article/bahrains-elections-and -opposition (accessed: 6.01.2017).
  48. El-Husari I.A.: "Yet Another Version of the 'Arab Spring'. Ramifications of the Syrian Armed Conflict for the Existing Arab Order and Beyond." Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 2014, Vol. 8, Issue 3.
  49. Ellis S., Futt er A.: "Iranian Nuclear Aspirations and Strategic Balancing In the Middle East," Middle East Policy Council, Summer 2015, Volume XXII, Number 2 - http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/iranian-nuclear-aspirations-and-strategic-balancing-middle-east (accessed: 25.02.2017).
  50. Encyklopedia terroryzmu. Warszawa 2004.
  51. Gold D.: "Iran's nuclear aspirations threaten the Word," August 6, 2009 - http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/06/opinion/oe-gold6 (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  52. Hemmer Ch.: Which Lessons Matter? American Foreign Policy Decision Making in the Middle East, 1979-1987. New York 2000.
  53. Henderson S.: "Small Island, Big Issues: Bahrain's King Visits Washington," March 24, 2008 - http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/small-island-big-issues-bahrains-king-visits-washington (accessed: 21.02.2017).
  54. Katzman K.: "Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy," CRS, October 3, 2014 - https://digital.library.unt.edu/ ark:/67531/metadc463514/m1/1/high_res_d/95-1013_2014Oct03.pdf (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  55. Katzman K.: "Bahrain: Reform, Security, and U.S. Policy," CRS, October 28, 2016 - https://fas.org/sgp/crs/ mideast/95-1013.pdf (accessed: 14.02.2017).
  56. Kepel G.: "Arabska droga cierniowa. Dziennik 2011-2013," Warszawa 2014.
  57. Kingdom of Bahrain. History, Ministry of Foreign Affairs - http://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=128&language=en-US (accessed: 14.02.2017).
  58. Konsekwencje wojny z Irakiem dla bezpieczeństwa Bliskiego Wschodu. Ed. W. Waszczykowski. Warszawa 2003.
  59. Landowski Z.: Świat Arabski. Leksykon. Historia, gospodarka, kultura. Warszawa 2008.
  60. Lipska-Toumi M.: Wprowadzenie do ustroju i prawa państw arabskich. Lublin 2015.
  61. Mabon S.: "The Battle for Bahrain: Iranian-Saudi Rivalry," Middle East Policy Council, Summer 2012, vol. XIX, no. 2 - http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/battle-bahrain-iranian-saudi-rivalry?print (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  62. Małachowski G.: System konstytucyjny Arabii Saudyjskiej. Warszawa 2011.
  63. Mickolus E.: Terrorism, 2008-2012: A Worldwide Chronology. North Carolina 2013.
  64. O'Rourke B.: "Iran: Ahmadinejad's Bahrain Visit New Piece In Complex Pattern," November 15, 2007 - http://www.rferl.org/a/1079134.html (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  65. Rivera J.: "Iran's Involvement in Bahrain: A Battleground as Part of the Islamic Regime's Larger Existential Conflict," Small Watch Journal, March 11, 2015 - http://smallwarsjournal.com/jrnl/art/iran%E2%80%99s-involvement-in-bahrain (accessed: 22.01.2017).
  66. Ryan C.: "Jordan, Morocco and an Expanded GCC," Middle East Research and Information Project, April 15, 2014 - http://www.merip.org/jordan-morocco-expanded-gcc (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  67. Sandstorm. Middle East Conflicts & America. Ed. D. Pipes. Boston 1993.
  68. Schleusener L.: "From Blog to Street: The Bahraini public sphere in transition," Arab Media & Society issue 1, Spring 2007 - http://www.arabmediasociety .com/?article=15 (accessed: 12.02.2017).
  69. Smith Ch.G., Crystal J.A.: "Bahrain" - https://www.britannica.com/place/Bahrain (accessed: 14.01.2017).
  70. Stefanicki R.: "Saudyjscy żołnierze wkroczyli do Bahrajnu." Gazeta Wyborcza of 15 March 2011.
  71. Syeed N.: "Saudi Arabia Topped India as Largest Weapons Importer Last Year," March 8, 2015 - http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-03-08/saudi-arabia-topped-india-as-largest-weapons-importer-last-year (accessed: 12.02.2017).
  72. Witt es T.C.: "Saudi Arabia's execution of al-Nimr throws U.S. policy dilemmas into Sharp relief," January 8, 2016 - https://www.brookings.edu/blog/markaz/2016/01/08/saudi-arabias-execution-of-al-nimr-throws-u-s-policy-dilemmas-into-sharp-relief/ (accessed: 22.02.2017).
  73. Yateem A.A.: "The Predicament of Shia Fundamentalism In Bahrain." Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 2014, Vol. 8, Issue 3.
  74. Zdanowski J.: Historia Arabii Wschodniej. Wrocław-Warszawa-Kraków 2004.
Cytowane przez
Pokaż
ISSN
2353-9747
Język
eng
Udostępnij na Facebooku Udostępnij na Twitterze Udostępnij na Google+ Udostępnij na Pinterest Udostępnij na LinkedIn Wyślij znajomemu