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Autor
Wysokińska Zofia (University of Lodz, Poland)
Tytuł
Global and European Foreign Trade during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Światowy i europejski handel zagraniczny w czasie pandemii COVID-19
Źródło
Comparative Economic Research, 2023, vol. 26, nr 2, s. 85-104, aneks, tab., wykr., bibliogr. 25 poz.
Słowa kluczowe
Handel międzynarodowy, Handel elektroniczny, Gospodarka cyfrowa
International trade, e-commerce, Digital economy
Uwagi
Klasyfikacja JEL: O13.
summ., streszcz.
Firma/Organizacja
Unia Europejska (UE)
European Union (EU)
Abstrakt
Celem niniejszego rozdziału jest próba odpowiedzi na pytania: 1) "Jak pod względem struktury towarowej i geograficznej rozwijał się handel międzynarodowy Unii Europejskiej w ostatnich dwóch latach i w jakim stopniu był on odporny na skutki pandemii COVID-19?", 2) "W jakim stopniu ambitna droga do rozwoju gospodarki cyfrowej - w tym szczególnie dynamiczny rozwój handlu elektronicznego w ostatnich latach, przyczyniły się do niwelowania negatywnych skutków pandemii COVID-19?". Rezultaty przeprowadzonych badań pokazują, że w dobie pandemii COVID-19 w gospodarce światowej miał miejsce ogromny spadek handlu towarami i usługami. Światowy handel towarami odnotował spadek o 7,4% w 2020 r., co oznacza, że globalny eksport wyniósł 17,6 bln USD, czyli o 1,4 bln USD mniej niż w poprzednim roku. Był to największy roczny spadek od recesji z roku 2009, kiedy handel obniżył się o 22%. Znacznie jednak silniejszy spadek odnotowano w światowym handlu usługami, który w 2020 r. skurczył się o 20% w porównaniu z 2019 r. W okresie pandemii COVID-19 zanotowano natomiast dynamiczny rozwój globalnego handlu elektronicznego. Według danych zaprezentowanych w raporcie UNCTAD z 3 maja 2021 globalny handel elektroniczny zwiększył się do 26,7 mld USD. W handlu elektronicznym (e commerce) dominuje sprzedaż business to business (B2B). Handel elektroniczny odpowiada za 30% światowego produktu krajowego brutto (PKB) i obejmuje zarówno sprzedaż między przedsiębiorstwami (B2B), jak i między przedsiębiorstwami a konsumentami (B2C - business to customer). (abstrakt oryginalny)

The article aims to answer the following questions: 1) How has the European Union's international trade developed in terms of goods and geography in the last two years, and to what extent has it been resilient to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic? 2) To what extent has the ambitious path to the development of the digital economy, including the particularly dynamic development of e-commerce in recent years, contributed to reducing the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic? The results of the research show that the global economy experienced a huge decline in trade in goods and services during the COVID-19 pandemic: World trade in goods fell by 7.4% in 2020, which means that global exports amounted to USD 17.6 trillion, i.e., USD 1.4 trillion less than in the previous year. It was the largest annual decline since the 2009 recession, when trade fell by 22%. However, a much stronger decline was recorded in world trade in services, which in 2020 shrank by 20% compared to 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamic development of global e-commerce was noted. According to the data presented in the UNCTAD report of May 3, 2021, global e-commerce increased to USD 26.7 billion. Business-to-business (B2B) sales dominate in e-commerce. E-commerce accounts for 30% of the world's gross domestic product (GDP) and covers both business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) sales. (original abstract)
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Bibliografia
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Cytowane przez
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ISSN
1508-2008
Język
eng
URI / DOI
http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1508-2008.26.14
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