- Autor
- Tworek Katarzyna (Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland), Luo Guangyan (Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland), Paska Marcin (Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland), Sałamacha Anna (Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland)
- Tytuł
- The Influence of e-Trust on a Job Performance Model Based on Employees' Dynamic Capabilities During a Crisis Caused by a Black Swan Event
- Źródło
- Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation (JEMI), 2023, vol. 19, nr 2, s. 159-187, tab., wykr., bibliogr. s. 179-186
- Tytuł własny numeru
- Weathering the Storm: Innovation-Driven Human Resource Management Practices
- Słowa kluczowe
- Zarządzanie, Zarządzanie zaufaniem, Zaangażowanie pracowników, Motywacja do pracy, Zadowolenie z pracy, Wydajność pracy
Management, Trust management, Employees' engagement, Work motivation, Job satisfaction, Labour efficiency - Uwagi
- Klasyfikacja JEL: J23, L25, M12, M54
streszcz., summ. - Abstrakt
- CEL: W kryzysie, jakim niewątpliwie jest pandemia COVID-19, pracownicy odgrywają kluczową rolę w zapewnieniu ciągłości działania oraz osiąganiu zarówno zadowalających, jak i ponadprzeciętnych wyników organizacji. W związku z tym zarówno charakterystyki uczestników organizacji, jak i możliwość wpływania na poprawę ich efektywności w pracy, znalazły się w centrum uwagi naukowców i praktyków. Mając na uwadze powyższe, celem artykułu jest analiza roli e-zaufania we wzmacnianiu wpływu dynamicznych zdolności pracowników na wydajność pracy wśród organizacji działających w warunkach pandemii COVID-19. METODYKA: Badania empiryczne przeprowadzono w oparciu o model dynamicznych zdolności pracowników. Aby zweryfikować potencjalne zależności przeprowadzono badania empiryczne w 1200 organizacjach zlokalizowanych w Polsce, Włoszech i USA. Organizacje zostały wybrane w sposób celowy. Przygotowano ustrukturyzowany kwestionariusz ankiety, a w badaniu wykorzystano metodę CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview). Zbadano rzetelność skal użytych w ankiecie, a następnie przeprowadzono wielogrupową analizę ścieżek przy użyciu IBM SPSS AMOS. Model został zweryfikowany, potwierdzając domniemane zależności między zmiennymi. WYNIKI: Udowodniono, że im wyższy poziom e-zaufania, tym silniejszy jest wpływ dynamicznych zdolności pracowników na wydajność pracy w organizacjach działających w warunkach kryzysu spowodowanego zdarzeniem typu czarny łabędź, z uwzględnieniem mediacyjnego efektu dopasowania osoby do pracy, motywacji do pracy, satysfakcji z pracy i zaangażowania w pracę. IMPLIKACJE: Opracowanie stanowi wkład do aktualnej wiedzy z zakresu zarządzania, a w szczególności zarządzania zasobami ludzkimi. W kontekście teoretycznym opisano zależności między czynnikami wpływającymi na wydajność pracy w trudnych warunkach kryzysu wywołanego wydarzeniem typu czarny łabędź. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia istotne wydają się natomiast wskazówki w jaki sposób kształtować zachowania przywódcze podczas pracy zdalnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektu e-zaufania. ORYGINALNOŚĆ I WARTOŚĆ: Badania wzbogacają rozważania dotyczące istniejącego modelu dynamicznych zdolności pracowników. Wskazano i omówiono rolę czynnika jakim jest e-zaufanie, który jest istotnym elementem e-przywództwa, w kontekście wpływu na ten model. Wnioski stanowią podwaliny do rozwoju wiedzy na temat zarządzania pracownikami podczas pracy zdalnej, która nie tylko była rozwiązaniem na czas kryzysu, ale została również na stałe wprowadzona do obecnej organizacji pracy. (abstrakt oryginalny)
PURPOSE: In a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic, employees play a key role in the ability to survive and achieve both sufficient and outstanding performance in the organization. Therefore, both the characteristics of people in the organization and the possibility of influencing the improvement of their performance at work, have become the focus of attention of scientists and practitioners. In this context, the purpose of this article is to analyze the role of e-trust in strengthening the influence of employees' dynamic capabilities on the job performance of employees among organizations operating under the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY: An empirical study was performed based on the Employees' Dynamic Capabilities model. In order to verify the potential relations, empirical studies were conducted in 1200 organizations located in Poland, Italy and USA. The companies were selected on the basis of the purposive manner. The structured questionnaire was prepared and the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) method was used in this research. The reliability of the scales used in the survey was tested and afterwards a multigroup path analysis was performed using IBM SPSS AMOS. The model was verified, confirming the presumed relationships between the variables. FINDINGS: It has been proven that the higher the level of e-trust is, the stronger the influence of EDC is on job performance of organizations operating under a crisis caused by a Black Swan event mediated by P-J fit, work motivation, job satisfaction and work engagement. IMPLICATIONS: This study contributes to the current knowledge of management, in particular human resource management. In the theoretical area, the relationships between the factors influencing job performance in the difficult conditions of the crisis caused by the Black Swan event were described. On the other hand, from a practical point of view, indications on how to shape leadership behavior during remote work, with particular emphasis on the e-trust aspect, seem to be important. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This research enriches the considerations regarding the existing Employees' Dynamic Capabilities model. The role of the e-trust factor, which is an important part of e-leadership, in the context of the impact on this model was indicated and discussed. The conclusions are a solid step in the development of knowledge about managing employees during remote work, which not only became a solution for the time of the crisis, but was also permanently introduced to the current work organization. (original abstract) - Pełny tekst
- Pokaż
- Bibliografia
- Al Wali, J., Muthuveloo, R., Teoh, A. P., & Al Wali, W. (2022). Disentangling the relationship between employees' dynamic capabilities, innovative work behavior and job performance in public hospitals. International Journal of Innovation Science. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-01-2022-0012
- Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100615593273
- Ambrosini, V., & Bowman, C. (2009). What are dynamic capabilities and are they a useful construct in strategic management? International Journal of Management Reviews, 11(1), 29-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1468-2370.2008.00251.X
- Ángeles López-Cabarcos, M., Vázquez-Rodríguez, P., & Quiñoá-Piñeiro, L. M. (2022). An approach to employees' job performance through work environmental variables and leadership behaviours. Journal of Business Research, 140, 361-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.006
- Arrow, K. (1974). The limits of organization. New York: WW Norton & Company.
- Avolio, B. J., & Kahai, S. S. (2003). Adding the "E" to E-leadership: Hot it may impact your leadership. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00133-X
- Bangwal, D., Suyal, J., & Kumar, R. (2022). Hotel building design, occupants' health and performance in response to COVID 19. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103212
- Bieńkowska, A., Koszela, A., & Tworek, K. (2021a). Verification of the job performance model based on employees' dynamic capabilities in organisations under the COVID-19. Engineering Management in Production and Services, 13(3), 66-85. https://doi.org/10.2478/EMJ-2021-0022
- Bieńkowska, A., & Tworek, K. (2020). Job performance model based on Employees' Dynamic Capabilities (EDC). Sustainability, 12(6), 2250. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12062250
- Bieńkowska, A., Tworek, K., & Sałamacha, A. (2020a). The role of user experience in shaping employees' dynamic capabilities based model of job performance. European Journal of International Management, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2020.10029428
- Bieńkowska, A., Tworek, K., & Zabłocka-Kluczka, A. (2020b). Organizational reliability: Human resources, information technology and management. New York: Routledge.
- Bieńkowska, A., Tworek, K., & Zabłocka-Kluczka, A. (2021b). Moderating role of user experience and it reliability in controlling influence on job performance and organizational performance. Ekonomie a Management, 24(1), 66-83. https://doi.org/10.15240/TUL/001/2021-1-005
- Bontrager, M., Clinton, M. S., & Tyner, L. (2021). Flexible work arrangements: A human resource development tool to reduce turnover. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 23(2), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422320982930
- Brkich, M., Jeffs, D., & Carless, S. A. (2002). A global self-report measure of person-job fit. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.1.43
- Bufquin, D., Park, J. Y., Back, R. M., de Souza Meira, J. V., & Hight, S. K. (2021). Employee work status, mental health, substance use, and career turnover intentions: An examination of restaurant employees during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102764
- Cascio, W. F., & Shurygailo, S. (2003). E-leadership and virtual teams. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 362-376. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00130-4
- Chaker, N. N., Nowlin, E. L., Walker, D., & Anaza, N. A. (2021). Alone on an island: A mixed-methods investigation of salesperson social isolation in general and in times of a pandemic. Industrial Marketing Management, 96, 268-286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.05.009
- Chamakiotis, P., Panteli, N., & Davison, R. M. (2021). Reimagining e-leadership for reconfigured virtual teams due to Covid-19. International Journal of Information Management (60). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102381
- Charoensukmongkol, P., & Pandey, A. (2022). The flexibility of salespeople and management teams: How they interact and influence performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asia Pacific Management Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APMRV.2022.07.001
- Child, J. (2001). Trust-the fundamental bond in global collaboration. Organizational Dynamics, 29(4), 274-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-2616(01)00033-x
- Corritore, C. L., Kracher, B., & Wiedenbeck, S. (2003). On-line trust: Concepts, evolving themes, a model. International Journal of Human Computer Studies, 58(6), 737-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1071-5819(03)00041-7
- Cullen, K. L., Edwards, B. D., Casper, W. C., & Gue, K. R. (2014). Employees' adaptability and perceptions of change-related uncertainty: Implications for perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(2), 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9312-y
- de Vries, H., Tummers, L., & Bekkers, V. (2019). The benefits of teleworking in the public sector: Reality or rhetoric? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(4), 570-593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X18760124
- Demirović Bajrami, D., Terzić, A., Petrović, M. D., Radovanović, M., Tretiakova, T. N., & Hadoud, A. (2021). Will we have the same employees in hospitality after all? The impact of COVID-19 on employees' work attitudes and turnover intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102754
- Deutsch, M. (1958). Trust and suspicion. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2(4), 265-279. https://doi.org/10.1177/002200275800200401
- Dube, K., Nhamo, G., & Chikodzi, D. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic and prospects for recovery of the global aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102022
- Dufour, L., Andiappan, M., & Banoun, A. (2022). Support or evaluate? The multifaceted role of supervisors during the newcomer socialization process. European Management Journal, 40(4), 546-558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.08.006
- Dwianto, R. A., Mutiarin, D., & Nurmandi, A. (2021). Assessing e-leadership in the public sector during the COVID-19 pandemic in ASEAN. Jurnal Kebijakan Dan Administrasi Publik, 26(2), 90-111. https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/jkap/article/view/62831/32519
- Edwards, J. (1991). Person-job fit: A conceptual integration, literature review, and methodological critique. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 283-357). London: John Wiley & Sons.
- Elyousfi, F., Anand, A., & Dalmasso, A. (2021). Impact of e-leadership and team dynamics on virtual team performance in a public organization. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 34(5), 508-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-08-2020-0218
- Flavián, C., Guinalíu, M., & Jordán, P. (2022). Virtual teams are here to stay: How personality traits, virtuality and leader gender impact trust in the leader and team commitment. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 28(2), 100193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2021.100193
- Gambetta, D. (1988). Can We Trust Trust? Retrieved from http://www.sociology.ox.ac.uk/papers/gambetta213-237.pdf
- Graves, L. M., & Karabayeva, A. (2020). Managing virtual workers - strategies for success. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 48(2), 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2020.2990386
- Grosse, C. U. (2002). Managing communication within virtual intercultural teams. Business Communication Quarterly, 65(4), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/108056990206500404
- Győrffy, D. (2018). Trust and crisis management in the European Union: An institutionalist account of success and failure in program countries. In Trust and Crisis Management in the European Union: An Institutionalist Account of Success and Failure in Program Countries. Berlin: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69212-8
- Hackman, J. R., and Oldham, G. R. (1974). The job diagnostic survey: an instrument for the diagnosis of jobs and the evaluation of job redesign projects. Report No. 4, Yale University, Department of Administration Science, New Haven, CT., 1.
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1975). Development of the Job Diagnostic Survey. Journal of Applied Psychology, 60(2), 159-170. https://doi.org/10.1037/H0076546
- Han, H., Lee, K.-S., Kim, S. (Sam), Wong, A. K. F., & Moon, H. (2022). What influences company attachment and job performance in the COVID-19 era?: Airline versus hotel employees. Tourism Management Perspectives, 44, 101001. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TMP.2022.101001
- Henseler, M., Maisonnave, H., & Maskaeva, A. (2022). Economic impacts of COVID-19 on the tourism sector in Tanzania. Annals of Tourism Research Empirical Insights, 3(1), 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ANNALE.2022.100042
- Hutmacher, F., Reichardt, R., & Appel, M. (2022). The role of motivated science reception and numeracy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Understanding of Science, 31(1), 19-34. https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625211047974
- Joather Al Wali, B., Muthuveloo, R., Ai Ping, T., Bataineh, M., Al Wali α, J., Muthuveloo σ, R., Ai Ping ρ, T., & Bataineh Ѡ, M. (2020). An overview of employees' dynamic capabilities, job performance with innovative work behavior: A conceptual paper. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: Administration and Management, 20(14), 32-37.
- Jung, H. S., Jung, Y. S., & Yoon, H. H. (2021). COVID-19: The effects of job insecurity on the job engagement and turnover intent of deluxe hotel employees and the moderating role of generational characteristics. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 92, 102703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102703
- Kaur, N., & Kang, L. S. (2021). Person-organisation fit, person-job fit and organisational citizenship behaviour: An examination of the mediating role of job satisfaction. IIMB Management Review, 33(4), 347-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2021.12.003
- Kosieradzka, A., Smagowicz, J., & Szwed, C. (2022). Ensuring the business continuity of production companies in conditions of COVID-19 pandemic in Poland - Applied measures analysis. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 72, 102863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.102863
- Kulshreshtha, K., & Sharma, G. (2021). Understanding e-leadership: Please mind the gap. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 168, 120750. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2021.120750
- Launer, M., Çetin, F., & Paliszkiewicz, J. (2022). Digital trust in the workplace: Testing a new instrument on a multicultural sample. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, 10(1), 29-47. https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL10_NO1_2
- Lilian, S. C. (2014). Virtual teams: Opportunities and challenges for e-leaders. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 1251-1261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.972
- Luhmann, N. (1979). Trust and power. Cambridge: Polity Press.
- Lund, S., Madgavkar, A., Smit, S., Ellingrud, K., Meaney Mary, & Robinson, O. (2021). The future of work after COVID-19. McKinsey, McKinsey Research.
- Mainwaring, S. (2006). The crisis of representation in the Andes. Journal of Democracy, 17(3), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1353/JOD.2006.0048
- Malhotra, A., Majchrzak, A., & Rosen, B. (2007). Leading virtual teams. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 60-70. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2007.24286164
- Malvey, D., & Hamby, E. (2004). E-leadership: An investigational study of a new 21st century leadership phenomenon-organizational strategies for transitioning to e-leadership systems. Association on Employment Practices and Principles. Retrieved from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=ecff7cb14546d4bebec21879af2e277be5d54e07#page=170
- Mohammad, K. (2009). E-leadership : The emerging new leadership for the virtual organization. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 3(1), 1-21.
- Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 58(3), 20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1252308
- Narayanamurthy, G., & Tortorella, G. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on employee performance - Moderating role of industry 4.0 base technologies. International Journal of Production Economics, 234, 108075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2021.108075
- Neumann, G., Noda, T., & Kawaoka, Y. (2009). Emergence and pandemic potential of swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus. Nature, 459(7249), 931-939). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08157
- Ng, P. M. L., Lit, K. K., & Cheung, C. T. Y. (2022). Remote work as a new normal? The technology-organization-environment (TOE) context. Technology in Society, 70, 102022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102022
- O'Reilly, C. A., Chatman, J., & Caldwell, D. F. (1991). People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), 487-516. https://doi.org/10.5465/256404
- Paska, M. (2021). The aspect of ethics determined by technological impact. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference Hradec Economic Days 2021, 11, 633-644. https://doi.org/10.36689/UHK/HED/2021-01-062
- Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: Development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 612-624. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.612
- Putriastuti, B. C. K., & Stasi, A. (2019). How to lead the millennials: A review of 5 major leadership theory groups. Journal of Leadership in Organizations, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.22146/jlo.46562
- Ramezan, M., Sanjaghi, M. E., & Rahimian Kalateh baly, H. (2013). Organizational change capacity and organizational performance. Journal of Knowledge-Based Innovation in China, 5(3), 188-212. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkic-07-2013-0012
- Richard, P. J., Devinney, T. M., Yip, G. S., & Johnson, G. (2009). Measuring organizational performance: Towards methodological best practice. Journal of Management, 35(3), 718-804. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308330560
- Roman, A. V., Van Wart, M., Wang, X. H., Liu, C., Kim, S., & McCarthy, A. (2019). Defining e-leadership as competence in ict-mediated communications: An exploratory assessment. Public Administration Review, 79(6), 853-866. https://doi.org/10.1111/PUAR.12980
- Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2003). UWES Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Ft05561-000
- Shen, J. (2021). Measuring the impact of mitigation measures on infection risk of covid-19 in Hong Kong since February 2020. Cities, 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103192
- Shilo, S., & Collins-Kreiner, N. (2022). The return of the 'Black Swan'? Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land and the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Qualitative Research in Tourism, 1(aop), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.4337/JQRT.2022.0002
- Shin, D., & Biocca, F. (2018). Exploring immersive experience in journalism. New Media and Society, 20(8), 2800-2823. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444817733133
- Shin, Y., Hur, W.-M., & Hwang, H. (2021). Impacts of customer incivility and abusive supervision on employee performance: A comparative study of the pre- and post-COVID-19 periods. Service Business, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11628-021-00456-7
- Stokols, D., Misra, S., Runnerstrom, M. G., & Hipp, J. A. (2009). Psychology in an age of ecological crisis: From personal angst to collective action. American Psychologist, 64(3), 181-193. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014717
- Tan, R., Si, S. ;, Semanggi, K., Setiabudi, K., Jakarta Selatan, K., & Ph, M. D. M. (2022). New insights on employee adaptive performance during the COVID-19 pandemic: Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 18(2), 175-206. https://doi.org/10.7341/20221826
- Tapscott, D., Lowy, A., & Ticoll, D. (2000). Digital capital: Harnessing the power of business webs. Retrieved from https://dl.acm.org/doi/fullHtml/10.1145/336228.336231
- Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18, 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7
- Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (2001). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Knowledge and Strategy, 77-116. https://doi.org/10.1093/0199248540.003.0013
- Toleikienė, R., Rybnikova, I., & Juknevičienė, V. (2020). Whether and how does the crisis-induced situation change e-leadership in the public sector? Evidence from Lithuanian public administration. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 16(SI), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.SI2020.9
- Trilla, A., Trilla, G., & Daer, C. (2008). The 1918 "Spanish Flu" in Spain. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 47(5), 668-673. https://doi.org/10.1086/590567
- Tu, Y., Li, D., & Wang, H.-J. (2021). COVID-19-induced layoff, survivors' COVID-19-related stress and performance in hospitality industry: The moderating role of social support. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102912
- Van Wart, M., Roman, A., Wang, X. H., & Liu, C. (2019). Operationalizing the definition of e-leadership: Identifying the elements of e-leadership. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 85(1), 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852316681446
- Vyas, L., & Butakhieo, N. (2021). The impact of working from home during COVID-19 on work and life domains: An exploratory study on Hong Kong. Policy Design and Practice, 4(1), 59-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/25741292.2020.1863560
- Wang, X. H., Wei, X. N., Van Wart, M., McCarthy, A., Liu, C., Kim, S., & Ready, D. H. (2022). The role of E-leadership in ICT utilization: A project management perspective. Information Technology and Management, 1, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-021-00354-4
- Wind, T. R., Rijkeboer, M., Andersson, G., & Riper, H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: The 'black swan' for mental health care and a turning point for e-health. Internet Interventions, 20, 100317. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.INVENT.2020.100317
- Wong, A. K. F., Kim, S. (Sam), Kim, J., & Han, H. (2021). How the COVID-19 pandemic affected hotel employee stress: Employee perceptions of occupational stressors and their consequences. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102798
- Yu, J., Park, J., & Hyun, S. S. (2021). Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on employees' work stress, well-being, mental health, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee-customer identification. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 30(5), 529-548. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2021.1867283
- Zaccaro, S. J., & Bader, P. (2003). E-leadership and the challeges of leading e-teams: minimizing the bad and miximizing the good. Organizational Dynamics, 31(4), 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0090-2616(02)00129-8
- Zahra, S. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Davidsson, P. (2006). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: A review, model and research agenda. Journal of Management Studies, 43(4), 917-955. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1467-6486.2006.00616.X
- Cytowane przez
- ISSN
- 2299-7075
- Język
- eng
- URI / DOI
- https://doi.org/10.7341/20231925